Whole-slide pathology benchmarking
FM-Bench
200 TB+ of WSI data processed across diverse organs and pathology domains, with tissue segmentation and multi-magnification feature extraction. The collection includes all cohorts from TCGA, CPTAC, and the Cancer Moonshot Biobank (CMB).
Processed WSI Datasets
Original sources link to dataset releases, official challenges, provider portals, or dataset-author projects. “Not verified” means the inventory identifier could not be confidently matched to a public source.
39 datasets
| # | Dataset | Organ / Pathology Domain & Research Tasks | Original Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | TCGA | Pan-cancer histopathology linked to genomic and clinical data, covering all TCGA cohorts in the FM-Bench collection. Supports organ-specific and cross-cancer studies across the full TCGA disease spectrum. | Project |
| 2 | PANDA | Prostate biopsy histopathology for automated cancer grading. The benchmark predicts ISUP grade groups 0–5, distinguishing non-cancerous tissue from progressively higher-grade prostate cancer. | Challenge |
| 3 | REG2026 | Clinical histopathology challenge cohort. See the official challenge page for organ coverage, task definitions, and participation or data-access details. | Challenge |
| 4 | UNITOPATHO | Colorectal polyp classification and adenoma dysplasia grading. Public labels distinguish normal tissue, hyperplastic polyps, and tubular or tubulovillous adenomas with low- or high-grade dysplasia. | Dataset |
| 5 | REG2025 | Clinical histopathology challenge cohort. See the official challenge page for organ coverage, task definitions, and participation or data-access details. | Challenge |
| 6 | COBRA | Colorectal cancer histopathology cohort. See the original COBRA dataset page for cohort composition, annotations, and data-access details. | Dataset |
| 7 | CPTAC | Histopathology linked to proteomic, genomic, and clinical profiling, covering all CPTAC cohorts in the FM-Bench collection. Supports cross-cancer studies of tumor morphology, molecular characteristics, and clinical outcomes. | Data portal |
| 8 | BRACS | Breast lesion subtyping across benign, atypical, in situ, and invasive disease. The supplied labels are B, PB, UDH, ADH, FEA, DCIS, and IC, supporting fine-grained and grouped slide-level classification. | Dataset |
| 9 | IMP-CRS-2024 | Colorectal liver-metastasis histopathology for treatment-response assessment, as identified in the supplied inventory. See the original release for cohort details and annotation definitions. | Data release |
| 10 | EBRAINS | Brain and central nervous system histopathology for neuropathological diagnosis. Public benchmark tasks include both detailed diagnoses and broader diagnostic groups. | Dataset |
| 11 | VisioMel | Cutaneous melanoma histopathology for studying prognosis and relapse. The focus is the relationship between primary-tumor morphology and subsequent clinical outcome. | Challenge |
| 12 | CAMELYON16 | Breast-cancer metastasis detection in lymph-node histopathology. Supports identifying tumor-containing slides and localizing metastatic regions within otherwise non-tumor lymph-node tissue. | Challenge |
| 13 | KidRare | Rare kidney-tumor histopathology, identified in the supplied inventory as a pediatric cohort. See the dataset card for patient coverage, tumor classes, and access details. | Dataset |
| 14 | CAMELYON17 | Breast-cancer lymph-node assessment with patient-level pathological nodal staging. Combines evidence across a patient’s lymph-node slides to classify nodal involvement rather than only detecting an individual tumor region. | Challenge |
| 15 | GTEx | Normal, non-cancer human tissue histopathology spanning multiple organs. Provides a reference for tissue morphology and for comparing normal tissue representations across anatomical sites. | Data portal |
| 16 | CMB (Cancer Moonshot Biobank) | Cancer Moonshot Biobank histopathology covering all CMB cohorts in the FM-Bench collection. This multi-cancer biospecimen resource supports research on cancer treatment response and resistance. | Data portal |
| 17 | HCMI-CMDC | Human Cancer Models Initiative histopathology associated with cancer-model development. Connects tumor-tissue morphology with the broader study of patient-derived cancer models and their molecular characteristics. | Catalog |
| 18 | MAYO (STRIP AI) | Histopathology of blood clots retrieved from ischemic-stroke patients. The supplied task distinguishes cardioembolic (CE) from large-artery atherosclerosis (LAA) stroke etiologies using clot morphology. | Challenge |
| 19 | AI4SkIN | Dermatopathology of cutaneous spindle-cell neoplasms, covering lesions from benign to malignant. The public dataset provides multiclass annotations from expert and trainee pathologists for studying diagnostically challenging skin tumors. | Data release |
| 20 | PAR | Prostate adenocarcinoma histopathology cohort in the supplied inventory. The exact public release and any Gleason-grade, treatment, or outcome labels are not established by the identifier alone. | Not verified |
| 21 | UBC-OCEAN | Ovarian carcinoma histotyping from whole-slide histology. The task distinguishes major ovarian cancer histotypes, supporting evaluation of tumor-subtype recognition across morphologically distinct ovarian cancers. | Challenge |
| 22 | DHMC-RCC | Renal cell carcinoma histopathology for subtype classification. Focuses on distinguishing morphologically different kidney-cancer categories rather than treating renal tumors as a single class. | Dataset |
| 23 | TUPAC16 | Breast-tumor proliferation assessment from histopathology. The challenge connects tissue morphology and mitotic activity with tumor-proliferation scoring. | Challenge |
| 24 | LEOPARD | Prostate-cancer histopathology for predicting biochemical recurrence after prostatectomy. The LEOPARD study includes follow-up data from multiple cohorts; its project repository identifies the publicly released development data. | Project |
| 25 | HANCOCK | Head-and-neck squamous cell carcinoma histopathology in a multimodal clinical-research setting. Supports studying tumor morphology alongside associated clinical information. | Dataset |
| 26 | NADT-Prostate | Prostate-cancer histopathology associated with neoadjuvant androgen-deprivation therapy, supporting treatment-response assessment. | Collection |
| 27 | BACH | Breast histology classified into four categories: normal, benign, in situ carcinoma, and invasive carcinoma. Supports evaluating progression-aware diagnostic classification across benign and malignant tissue patterns. | Challenge |
| 28 | AGGC2022 | Automated Gleason grading in prostate whole-slide histopathology. The challenge evaluates recognition of prostate-cancer growth patterns for grading. | Challenge |
| 29 | TissueNet | Epithelial lesions in cervical biopsies. The challenge classifies the most severe lesion present into four categories: benign, low malignant potential, high malignant potential, or invasive cancer. | Challenge |
| 30 | CLWD (Chinese Lung Whole-slide image Dataset) | Lung adenocarcinoma histopathology from Lee Lab, Kunming Medical University. The public release contains 408 Aperio whole-slide images (.svs), scanned at 20×/40× (approximately 450–500 GB). Tasks follow WHO 2015/2021 guidelines: invasive adenocarcinoma (IA), minimally invasive adenocarcinoma (MIA), and adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS); predominant lepidic, acinar, papillary, micropapillary, and solid growth patterns; and mucinous versus non-mucinous status. | Data repository Scientific Data |
| 31 | NLST | Lung histopathology associated with the National Lung Screening Trial. This inventory currently contains segmented slides only. | Collection |
| 32 | BOEHMK | High-grade serous ovarian cancer histopathology from the OncoFusion multimodal risk-stratification study. The original study integrates whole-slide histology, CT imaging, genomic data, and clinical variables for overall-survival modeling. | Synapse project Nature Cancer (2022) |
| 33 | VALENTINO | Colorectal-cancer liver-metastasis histopathology in the supplied inventory. Intended for studying metastatic tumor morphology in a clinical-treatment setting; the exact public release and available response or survival labels need confirmation. | Not verified |
| 34 | OVARIAN-BEVACIZUMAB | Ovarian-cancer histopathology associated with bevacizumab treatment response, supporting investigation of relationships between tumor morphology and therapeutic outcomes. | Collection |
| 35 | DHMC-LUNG | Lung histopathology for adenocarcinoma and squamous-cell carcinoma subtyping. See the original Dartmouth dataset page for cohort details and label definitions. | Dataset |
| 36 | TIGER | Breast-cancer histopathology focused on tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). Supports studying the immune microenvironment and the relationship between immune-cell presence and tumor tissue. | Challenge |
| 37 | SurGen | Colorectal-cancer histopathology with survival and genetic-marker annotations. Public data include KRAS, NRAS, BRAF, mismatch-repair status, and five-year survival information, with primary colorectal tumors and metastatic sites represented. | Data release |
| 38 | PAIP2019 | Liver-cancer histopathology focused on hepatocellular carcinoma. Supports evaluating tumor-region recognition and segmentation within whole-slide tissue images. | Challenge |
| 39 | PAIP2020 | Colorectal-cancer histopathology for microsatellite-instability (MSI) prediction. Relates tumor morphology to molecular instability status rather than only to a visual histological subtype. | Challenge |
No matching datasets. Try another dataset name or organ.
Patch-Level Datasets
Patch counts reflect the supplied processing inventory. Variants and validation subsets can share an original data release. “Not verified” indicates an unresolved source. Scroll horizontally on smaller screens to view all columns.
20 datasets
| # | Dataset | Total Patches | Pathology Domain / Clinical Task | Key Classes / Labels | Original Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | PCAM (PatchCamelyon) | 327,680 | Breast lymph node metastasis detection | Binary (metastatic vs. non-metastatic) | Dataset |
| 2 | TCGA-TILs | 227,699 | Pan-cancer tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes | TIL presence / density | Data release |
| 3 | Kather-MSI-STAD | 218,578 | Gastric adenocarcinoma (STAD) | Microsatellite Instability (MSI vs. MSS) | Data release |
| 4 | Kather-MSI-CRC | 192,312 | Colorectal cancer (CRC) | Microsatellite Instability (MSI vs. MSS) | Data release |
| 5 | SkinCancer | 129,364 | Dermatopathology: detection of anatomical tissue structures and skin neoplasms in scanned histopathological tissue sections. Developed by Georg Steinbuß, Mark Kriegsmann, and colleagues at the Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital. | Malignant melanoma vs. benign nevi/lesions | Original paper |
| 6 | KBSMC-Gastric | 114,841 | Gastric cancer histology (Kangbuk Samsung) | Tumor vs. normal stroma / grading | Dataset |
| 7 | NCT-CRC (NCT-CRC-HE-100K) | 107,180 | Colorectal cancer tissue phenotyping | 9 tissue classes (tumor, stroma, mucus, normal, debris, etc.) | Data release |
| 8 | DigestPath | 70,379 | Digestive system & colonoscopy lesions | Colon cancer lesion detection | Challenge |
| 9 | CCRCC-Tissue | 52,713 | Clear cell renal cell carcinoma | Tissue architecture / tumor composition | Data release |
| 10 | CCRCC-Lymphocyte | 25,095 | Clear cell renal cell carcinoma | Lymphocyte infiltration quantification | Data release |
| 11 | LC25000-LUNG | 15,000 | Lung histopathology | Adenocarcinoma, squamous cell ca, benign lung | Dataset |
| 12 | SICAPv2 | 12,081 | Prostate needle biopsies | Gleason patterns (non-cancer, pattern 3, 4, 5) | Data release |
| 13 | LC25000-COLON | 10,000 | Colon histopathology | Colon adenocarcinoma vs. benign colon | Dataset |
| 14 | KBSMC-Colon | 9,857 | Colorectal cancer (Kangbuk Samsung) | Colon tumor classification | Dataset |
| 15 | BreaKHis | 7,909 | Breast cancer histopathology | Benign (4 subtypes) vs. Malignant (4 subtypes) | Dataset |
| 16 | NCT-CRC-VAL-HE-7K | 7,180 | CRC external test/validation set | 9 colorectal tissue classes | Data release |
| 17 | CHAOYANG | 6,160 | Colorectal cancer histology | Normal, adenoma, serrated, adenocarcinoma | Dataset |
| 18 | WSSS4LUAD | 4,693 | Lung adenocarcinoma subtyping | Tumor, stroma, normal tissue | Challenge |
| 19 | MHIST | 3,152 | Colorectal polyps | Hyperplastic polyp (HP) vs. Sessile serrated adenoma (SSA) | Dataset |
| 20 | Osteo | 1,392 | Osteosarcoma histopathology | Viable tumor, non-viable/necrotic, non-tumor | Collection |
No matching patch datasets. Try another task or class label.
Anatomical coverage
A body-wide view of FM-Bench
The coverage audit identifies 31+ organ/anatomical sites and 7 additional tissue groups. Select a numbered point or a name to explore. These are cohort-level lower bounds; the exact specimen-level total may be higher.
Abdomen
Adrenal gland
Small glands above the kidneys.
Examples: TCGA, GTEx.
Abdomen
Bile ducts
Channels carrying bile from the liver toward the intestine.
Examples: TCGA.
Distributed
Bone
Skeletal tissue; a leg is used as a representative location.
Examples: Osteo.
Head & neck
Brain/CNS
Brain and central nervous system; brain regions and spinal cord are grouped together.
Examples: TCGA, CPTAC, EBRAINS, GTEx.
Chest
Breast
Breast tissue on the anterior chest wall.
Examples: TCGA, CPTAC, BRACS, GTEx.
Female pelvic anatomy
Cervix
Lower part of the uterus; shown as a separate clinical anatomical site. This site is not depicted in the overview illustration.
Examples: TCGA, GTEx, TissueNet.
Abdomen
Colon
Large intestine; shown separately from the rectum.
Examples: TCGA, UNITOPATHO, COBRA, CPTAC.
Chest
Esophagus
Food passage through the neck and chest to the stomach.
Examples: TCGA, GTEx, CMB (Cancer Moonshot Biobank).
Head & neck
Eye
Eye; uveal melanoma cohorts contribute this site.
Examples: TCGA.
Female pelvic anatomy
Fallopian tube
Tubes extending from the uterus toward the ovaries. This site is not depicted in the overview illustration.
Examples: GTEx.
Chest
Heart
Heart; multiple sampled regions count as one organ group.
Examples: GTEx.
Abdomen
Kidney
Kidney; cortex and other sampled subregions are merged.
Examples: TCGA, CPTAC, KidRare, GTEx.
Abdomen
Liver
Liver; includes primary hepatic disease and liver specimens from metastatic disease.
Examples: TCGA, IMP-CRS-2024, GTEx, VALENTINO.
Chest
Lung
Lung; different lung-cancer subtypes do not add separate organs.
Examples: TCGA, CPTAC, GTEx, CMB (Cancer Moonshot Biobank).
Distributed
Lymph nodes
Lymphatic tissue. A neck node is illustrated; CAMELYON and PCAM contain lymph-node specimens.
Examples: TCGA, CAMELYON16, CAMELYON17, PCAM (PatchCamelyon).
Female pelvic anatomy
Ovary
Ovarian tissue, including ovarian-cancer cohorts. This site is not depicted in the overview illustration.
Examples: TCGA, CPTAC, GTEx, UBC-OCEAN.
Abdomen
Pancreas
Gland extending across the upper abdomen.
Examples: TCGA, CPTAC, GTEx.
Head & neck
Pituitary gland
Small endocrine gland at the base of the brain; position is schematic.
Examples: GTEx.
Male pelvic anatomy
Prostate
Gland below the bladder in male pelvic anatomy. This site is not depicted in the overview illustration.
Examples: TCGA, PANDA, GTEx, CMB (Cancer Moonshot Biobank).
Pelvis
Rectum
Distal large intestine; counted separately from colon as a clinical site.
Examples: TCGA, UNITOPATHO, COBRA, CMB (Cancer Moonshot Biobank).
Head & neck
Salivary glands
Salivary gland tissue; individual glands are merged into one group.
Examples: GTEx.
Distributed
Skin
Distributed over the body; the arm indicates a representative skin site.
Examples: TCGA, CPTAC, VisioMel, GTEx.
Abdomen
Small intestine
Small bowel; sampled segments are merged into one group.
Examples: GTEx.
Abdomen
Spleen
Lymphatic organ in the left upper abdomen.
Examples: GTEx.
Abdomen
Stomach
Stomach; gastric-cancer labels map to this site.
Examples: TCGA, GTEx, CMB (Cancer Moonshot Biobank).
Male pelvic anatomy
Testis
Testicular tissue; separate from the prostate. This site is not depicted in the overview illustration.
Examples: TCGA, GTEx.
Chest
Thymus
Lymphatic organ in the upper chest.
Examples: TCGA.
Head & neck
Thyroid gland
Endocrine gland in the neck.
Examples: TCGA, GTEx.
Pelvis
Urinary bladder
Urinary bladder; not the same site as kidney or prostate.
Examples: TCGA, GTEx.
Female pelvic anatomy
Uterus (corpus)
Body of the uterus; cervix is shown separately as a clinical site. This site is not depicted in the overview illustration.
Examples: TCGA, CPTAC, GTEx.
Female pelvic anatomy
Vagina
Vaginal tissue in female pelvic anatomy. This site is not depicted in the overview illustration.
Examples: GTEx.
Distributed tissues
Adipose tissue
Fat tissue distributed across the body; GTEx sampling sites are merged.
Examples: GTEx.
Distributed tissues
Blood
Circulating blood and blood-clot specimens; a stroke indication does not make a clot a brain specimen.
Examples: TCGA, CPTAC, GTEx, CMB (Cancer Moonshot Biobank).
Distributed tissues
Blood vessels
Vascular tissue; arterial sampling beds are merged.
Examples: GTEx.
Distributed tissues
Bone marrow
Hematopoietic tissue within bones; listed separately from bone and circulating blood.
Examples: TCGA, CPTAC, CMB (Cancer Moonshot Biobank).
Distributed tissues
Mesothelium (pleura/peritoneum)
Tissue lining the chest and abdominal cavities.
Examples: TCGA.
Distributed tissues
Peripheral nerve
Nerve tissue outside the brain and spinal cord.
Examples: TCGA, GTEx.
Distributed tissues
Skeletal muscle
Voluntary muscle tissue distributed across the skeleton.
Examples: GTEx.