Whole-slide pathology benchmarking

FM-Bench

200 TB+ of WSI data processed across diverse organs and pathology domains, with tissue segmentation and multi-magnification feature extraction. The collection includes all cohorts from TCGA, CPTAC, and the Cancer Moonshot Biobank (CMB).

200 TB+WSI data processed
39WSI datasets
20Patch-level datasets

Processed WSI Datasets

Original sources link to dataset releases, official challenges, provider portals, or dataset-author projects. “Not verified” means the inventory identifier could not be confidently matched to a public source.

39 datasets

Processed WSI datasets and their organ coverage, pathology domains, and research tasks
#DatasetOrgan / Pathology Domain & Research TasksOriginal Source
1TCGA

Pan-cancer histopathology linked to genomic and clinical data, covering all TCGA cohorts in the FM-Bench collection. Supports organ-specific and cross-cancer studies across the full TCGA disease spectrum.

Project
2PANDA

Prostate biopsy histopathology for automated cancer grading. The benchmark predicts ISUP grade groups 0–5, distinguishing non-cancerous tissue from progressively higher-grade prostate cancer.

Challenge
3REG2026

Clinical histopathology challenge cohort. See the official challenge page for organ coverage, task definitions, and participation or data-access details.

Challenge
4UNITOPATHO

Colorectal polyp classification and adenoma dysplasia grading. Public labels distinguish normal tissue, hyperplastic polyps, and tubular or tubulovillous adenomas with low- or high-grade dysplasia.

Dataset
5REG2025

Clinical histopathology challenge cohort. See the official challenge page for organ coverage, task definitions, and participation or data-access details.

Challenge
6COBRA

Colorectal cancer histopathology cohort. See the original COBRA dataset page for cohort composition, annotations, and data-access details.

Dataset
7CPTAC

Histopathology linked to proteomic, genomic, and clinical profiling, covering all CPTAC cohorts in the FM-Bench collection. Supports cross-cancer studies of tumor morphology, molecular characteristics, and clinical outcomes.

Data portal
8BRACS

Breast lesion subtyping across benign, atypical, in situ, and invasive disease. The supplied labels are B, PB, UDH, ADH, FEA, DCIS, and IC, supporting fine-grained and grouped slide-level classification.

Dataset
9IMP-CRS-2024

Colorectal liver-metastasis histopathology for treatment-response assessment, as identified in the supplied inventory. See the original release for cohort details and annotation definitions.

Data release
10EBRAINS

Brain and central nervous system histopathology for neuropathological diagnosis. Public benchmark tasks include both detailed diagnoses and broader diagnostic groups.

Dataset
11VisioMel

Cutaneous melanoma histopathology for studying prognosis and relapse. The focus is the relationship between primary-tumor morphology and subsequent clinical outcome.

Challenge
12CAMELYON16

Breast-cancer metastasis detection in lymph-node histopathology. Supports identifying tumor-containing slides and localizing metastatic regions within otherwise non-tumor lymph-node tissue.

Challenge
13KidRare

Rare kidney-tumor histopathology, identified in the supplied inventory as a pediatric cohort. See the dataset card for patient coverage, tumor classes, and access details.

Dataset
14CAMELYON17

Breast-cancer lymph-node assessment with patient-level pathological nodal staging. Combines evidence across a patient’s lymph-node slides to classify nodal involvement rather than only detecting an individual tumor region.

Challenge
15GTEx

Normal, non-cancer human tissue histopathology spanning multiple organs. Provides a reference for tissue morphology and for comparing normal tissue representations across anatomical sites.

Data portal
16CMB (Cancer Moonshot Biobank)

Cancer Moonshot Biobank histopathology covering all CMB cohorts in the FM-Bench collection. This multi-cancer biospecimen resource supports research on cancer treatment response and resistance.

Data portal
17HCMI-CMDC

Human Cancer Models Initiative histopathology associated with cancer-model development. Connects tumor-tissue morphology with the broader study of patient-derived cancer models and their molecular characteristics.

Catalog
18MAYO (STRIP AI)

Histopathology of blood clots retrieved from ischemic-stroke patients. The supplied task distinguishes cardioembolic (CE) from large-artery atherosclerosis (LAA) stroke etiologies using clot morphology.

Challenge
19AI4SkIN

Dermatopathology of cutaneous spindle-cell neoplasms, covering lesions from benign to malignant. The public dataset provides multiclass annotations from expert and trainee pathologists for studying diagnostically challenging skin tumors.

Data release
20PAR

Prostate adenocarcinoma histopathology cohort in the supplied inventory. The exact public release and any Gleason-grade, treatment, or outcome labels are not established by the identifier alone.

Not verified
21UBC-OCEAN

Ovarian carcinoma histotyping from whole-slide histology. The task distinguishes major ovarian cancer histotypes, supporting evaluation of tumor-subtype recognition across morphologically distinct ovarian cancers.

Challenge
22DHMC-RCC

Renal cell carcinoma histopathology for subtype classification. Focuses on distinguishing morphologically different kidney-cancer categories rather than treating renal tumors as a single class.

Dataset
23TUPAC16

Breast-tumor proliferation assessment from histopathology. The challenge connects tissue morphology and mitotic activity with tumor-proliferation scoring.

Challenge
24LEOPARD

Prostate-cancer histopathology for predicting biochemical recurrence after prostatectomy. The LEOPARD study includes follow-up data from multiple cohorts; its project repository identifies the publicly released development data.

Project
25HANCOCK

Head-and-neck squamous cell carcinoma histopathology in a multimodal clinical-research setting. Supports studying tumor morphology alongside associated clinical information.

Dataset
26NADT-Prostate

Prostate-cancer histopathology associated with neoadjuvant androgen-deprivation therapy, supporting treatment-response assessment.

Collection
27BACH

Breast histology classified into four categories: normal, benign, in situ carcinoma, and invasive carcinoma. Supports evaluating progression-aware diagnostic classification across benign and malignant tissue patterns.

Challenge
28AGGC2022

Automated Gleason grading in prostate whole-slide histopathology. The challenge evaluates recognition of prostate-cancer growth patterns for grading.

Challenge
29TissueNet

Epithelial lesions in cervical biopsies. The challenge classifies the most severe lesion present into four categories: benign, low malignant potential, high malignant potential, or invasive cancer.

Challenge
30CLWD (Chinese Lung Whole-slide image Dataset)

Lung adenocarcinoma histopathology from Lee Lab, Kunming Medical University. The public release contains 408 Aperio whole-slide images (.svs), scanned at 20×/40× (approximately 450–500 GB). Tasks follow WHO 2015/2021 guidelines: invasive adenocarcinoma (IA), minimally invasive adenocarcinoma (MIA), and adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS); predominant lepidic, acinar, papillary, micropapillary, and solid growth patterns; and mucinous versus non-mucinous status.

Data repository Scientific Data
31NLST

Lung histopathology associated with the National Lung Screening Trial. This inventory currently contains segmented slides only.

Collection
32BOEHMK

High-grade serous ovarian cancer histopathology from the OncoFusion multimodal risk-stratification study. The original study integrates whole-slide histology, CT imaging, genomic data, and clinical variables for overall-survival modeling.

Synapse project Nature Cancer (2022)
33VALENTINO

Colorectal-cancer liver-metastasis histopathology in the supplied inventory. Intended for studying metastatic tumor morphology in a clinical-treatment setting; the exact public release and available response or survival labels need confirmation.

Not verified
34OVARIAN-BEVACIZUMAB

Ovarian-cancer histopathology associated with bevacizumab treatment response, supporting investigation of relationships between tumor morphology and therapeutic outcomes.

Collection
35DHMC-LUNG

Lung histopathology for adenocarcinoma and squamous-cell carcinoma subtyping. See the original Dartmouth dataset page for cohort details and label definitions.

Dataset
36TIGER

Breast-cancer histopathology focused on tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). Supports studying the immune microenvironment and the relationship between immune-cell presence and tumor tissue.

Challenge
37SurGen

Colorectal-cancer histopathology with survival and genetic-marker annotations. Public data include KRAS, NRAS, BRAF, mismatch-repair status, and five-year survival information, with primary colorectal tumors and metastatic sites represented.

Data release
38PAIP2019

Liver-cancer histopathology focused on hepatocellular carcinoma. Supports evaluating tumor-region recognition and segmentation within whole-slide tissue images.

Challenge
39PAIP2020

Colorectal-cancer histopathology for microsatellite-instability (MSI) prediction. Relates tumor morphology to molecular instability status rather than only to a visual histological subtype.

Challenge

Patch-Level Datasets

Patch counts reflect the supplied processing inventory. Variants and validation subsets can share an original data release. “Not verified” indicates an unresolved source. Scroll horizontally on smaller screens to view all columns.

20 datasets

Patch-level datasets, total patches, pathology domains, and labels
#DatasetTotal PatchesPathology Domain / Clinical TaskKey Classes / LabelsOriginal Source
1PCAM (PatchCamelyon)327,680Breast lymph node metastasis detectionBinary (metastatic vs. non-metastatic) Dataset
2TCGA-TILs227,699Pan-cancer tumor-infiltrating lymphocytesTIL presence / density Data release
3Kather-MSI-STAD218,578Gastric adenocarcinoma (STAD)Microsatellite Instability (MSI vs. MSS) Data release
4Kather-MSI-CRC192,312Colorectal cancer (CRC)Microsatellite Instability (MSI vs. MSS) Data release
5SkinCancer129,364Dermatopathology: detection of anatomical tissue structures and skin neoplasms in scanned histopathological tissue sections. Developed by Georg Steinbuß, Mark Kriegsmann, and colleagues at the Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital.Malignant melanoma vs. benign nevi/lesions Original paper
6KBSMC-Gastric114,841Gastric cancer histology (Kangbuk Samsung)Tumor vs. normal stroma / grading Dataset
7NCT-CRC (NCT-CRC-HE-100K)107,180Colorectal cancer tissue phenotyping9 tissue classes (tumor, stroma, mucus, normal, debris, etc.) Data release
8DigestPath70,379Digestive system & colonoscopy lesionsColon cancer lesion detection Challenge
9CCRCC-Tissue52,713Clear cell renal cell carcinomaTissue architecture / tumor composition Data release
10CCRCC-Lymphocyte25,095Clear cell renal cell carcinomaLymphocyte infiltration quantification Data release
11LC25000-LUNG15,000Lung histopathologyAdenocarcinoma, squamous cell ca, benign lung Dataset
12SICAPv212,081Prostate needle biopsiesGleason patterns (non-cancer, pattern 3, 4, 5) Data release
13LC25000-COLON10,000Colon histopathologyColon adenocarcinoma vs. benign colon Dataset
14KBSMC-Colon9,857Colorectal cancer (Kangbuk Samsung)Colon tumor classification Dataset
15BreaKHis7,909Breast cancer histopathologyBenign (4 subtypes) vs. Malignant (4 subtypes) Dataset
16NCT-CRC-VAL-HE-7K7,180CRC external test/validation set9 colorectal tissue classes Data release
17CHAOYANG6,160Colorectal cancer histologyNormal, adenoma, serrated, adenocarcinoma Dataset
18WSSS4LUAD4,693Lung adenocarcinoma subtypingTumor, stroma, normal tissue Challenge
19MHIST3,152Colorectal polypsHyperplastic polyp (HP) vs. Sessile serrated adenoma (SSA) Dataset
20Osteo1,392Osteosarcoma histopathologyViable tumor, non-viable/necrotic, non-tumor Collection

Anatomical coverage

A body-wide view of FM-Bench

The coverage audit identifies 31+ organ/anatomical sites and 7 additional tissue groups. Select a numbered point or a name to explore. These are cohort-level lower bounds; the exact specimen-level total may be higher.

Anatomical illustration of organ coverage A translucent human figure showing the brain, lungs, heart, abdominal organs, vessels, and lymphatic structures. Numbered points correspond to the coverage list. Sites not visible in the illustration can be selected from the list. Adrenal gland1 Bile ducts2 Bone3 Brain/CNS4 Breast5 Colon7 Esophagus8 Eye9 Heart11 Kidney12 Liver13 Lung14 Lymph nodes15 Pancreas17 Pituitary gland18 Rectum20 Salivary glands21 Skin22 Small intestine23 Spleen24 Stomach25 Thymus27 Thyroid gland28 Urinary bladder29
The selected illustrated site pulses on the body. Locations are approximate; paired organs are counted once. Sites not shown remain selectable in the coverage list.

Abdomen

Adrenal gland

Small glands above the kidneys.

Examples: TCGA, GTEx.

Organ & anatomical sites

Additional tissue groups

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